Refine Search
Sort by
32234 N Center Street, Wittmann
$449,750
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 7073046 MLS ⋅ 2,609 SqFt.
ATTACHED STUDIO + TWO LOTS + NO HOA + RV GATE & HOOKUP! NEW EVERYTHING! Completely remodeled top to bottom with pride and attention to every detail--this home is LIKE NEW! Approx 2,600 sq ft offers 4 bedrooms, 2 baths PLUS an attached studio with its own kitchen & bath--ideal for multigenerational living, extended family, guests or home office. Gorgeous quartz countertops, beautiful flooring, modern finishes & bright, spacious living areas. PRICED TO SELL UNDER $173/SQ FT! 1-car garage plus room for RVs, toys, trailers & extra parking. Located in growing Wittmann with new homes being built nearby. Enjoy the freedom of NO HOA and the space, versatility & possibilities TWO LOTS provide. So much HOME, LAND & FLEXIBILITY for the price--MOVE-IN READY & A RARE FIND! Come see why this stands out!

32234 N Center Street, Wittmann

21817 W Harding Avenue, Wittmann
$339,800
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7072292 MLS ⋅ 1,976 SqFt.
Welcome to 21817 W Harding Ave, a spacious single-level Wittmann home offering 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and approximately 1,976 sq ft on a 7,000 sq ft lot. Built in 2007, this home offers a comfortable, functional layout with generously sized living and dining areas, vinyl and tile flooring throughout and plenty of room to make it your own. The large kitchen features abundant wood cabinetry, a center island with breakfast-bar seating, ample counter space and an eat-in area. The oversized primary suite includes private access to the covered outdoor area, while the primary bath offers a double vanity, separate soaking tub and shower. Two additional bedrooms, a full secondary bath and dedicated laundry area complete the interior. Out back is where this home really invites you to enjoy Arizona living. The established desert-style yard features mature trees and vegetation, covered outdoor space and ramada/gazebo-style areas that are perfect for weekend barbecues, family gatherings, birthday celebrations or simply relaxing outdoors with friends. There's plenty of room to entertain and still plenty of opportunity to add your own touches and create a backyard retreat that feels like home. An attached 2-car garage, driveway parking and RV gate/rear access add even more versatility. And one more thing buyers will appreciate: No HOA! Enjoy the quieter pace and open feel of Wittmann desert living while still being within convenient reach of Phoenix and the Northwest Valley. Everyday necessities are nearby, with local shopping, dining and the Wittmann Post Office close to home, plus additional services, fuel and dining options along US-60/Grand Ave. With nearly 2,000 sq ft of living space, an inviting backyard made for gathering and the freedom of no HOA, This home offers a comfortable place to make home with a little more breathing room from the city.

21817 W Harding Avenue, Wittmann

24025 W Beacon Lane, Wittmann
$849,900
5 Beds ⋅ 5 Baths ⋅ 7070524 MLS ⋅ 2,913 SqFt.
Welcome to your dream home, perfectly situated on a sprawling 1-acre lot with breathtaking mountain views and plenty of room to enjoy the Arizona lifestyle! From the moment you arrive, you'll appreciate the impressive curb appeal, spacious front yard, 2-car garage, and drive-through RV garage--ideal for your RV, toys, or additional storage. Step inside to a bright and beautifully designed open-concept floor plan featuring soaring vaulted ceilings, recessed lighting, elegant marble tile flooring, a warm neutral color palette, and an inviting fireplace that creates the perfect gathering space. At the heart of the home is a gorgeous chef-inspired kitchen showcasing quartz countertops, custom wood shaker cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, a stylish tile backsplash, pendant lighting, a sp spacious pantry, and an oversized center island with breakfast bar--perfect for entertaining family and friends. Retreat to the generously sized primary suite, complete with a luxurious ensuite featuring dual vanities, a relaxing soaking tub, and a spacious walk-in closet. Step outside and experience the beauty of Arizona living from the covered patio, where you can unwind while enjoying spectacular sunsets and panoramic mountain views. With RV gates, expansive outdoor space, and endless possibilities to make the property your own, this home offers the perfect combination of comfort, functionality, space, and style. Don't miss the opportunity to make this exceptional 1-acre property your own!

24025 W Beacon Lane, Wittmann

21836 W Quails Nest --, Wittmann
$650,000
3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 7069436 MLS ⋅ 2,668 SqFt.
Welcome to this beautifully appointed 3-bedroom, 2½-bath home with a versatile den, formal dining room, and plenty of room to enjoy the Arizona lifestyle. Situated on an acre lot with a desirable north/south exposure and NO HOA, this property offers the space and flexibility you've been looking for. The split floor plan provides privacy, while the spacious great room creates an inviting gathering space. Enjoy surround sound in both the great room and primary suite, perfect for entertaining or relaxing at home. The kitchen features elegant Quartz countertops, Upgraded Samsung black stainless steel, fingerprint-resistant appliance package, Kitchen Island and large pantry, complemented by new flooring throughout. The spacious interior laundry room includes a convenient laundry sink for added functionality. A Culligan water softener and WiFi-controlled reverse osmosis system provide added comfort and convenience. The Solar Panel system (Loan not Lease ), ceiling fans and owned 75 gallon propane tank for the Kitchen Range enforces the energy efficiency, Step outside and discover an entertainer's dream! In addition to the covered patio, an extra 17-foot-wide patio slab extends across the back of the home, providing abundant space for outdoor living, dining, and entertaining. Remote-controlled sun shades allow you to comfortably enjoy this additional patio space while providing shade when needed. With an acre lot, Block Wall Fence, RV gate, generous outdoor living space, and no HOA restrictions, there is plenty of room for vehicles, toys, hobbies, and future possibilities. This is an exceptional opportunity to enjoy privacy, functionality, and modern upgrades--all in one property!

21836 W Quails Nest --, Wittmann

29405 N 224th Drive, Wittmann
$849,900
4 Beds ⋅ 5 Baths ⋅ 7069133 MLS ⋅ 3,198 SqFt.
Welcome to your peaceful desert sanctuary! Situated on a sprawling lot with breathtaking mountain views, this beautiful property in Wittmann offers the perfect blend of rural tranquility and modern convenience. Bring your horses, RVs, and desert toys--there is plenty of room to roam. The home features an open, spacious floor plan designed for comfortable living and seamless entertaining. Large windows throughout flood the living spaces with natural light while framing the stunning Arizona sunsets. The generous kitchen boasts ample cabinetry and counter space, making it a chef's delight. Relax in the expansive primary suite, complete with a private en-suite bath and walk-in closet.Step outside to your massive backyard canvas, including an RV garage. It is perfect for creating your dream oasis, adding a workshop, or installing a custom pool. Enjoy quiet stargazing nights and wide-open spaces, all while remaining just a short drive from shopping, dining, and entertainment in nearby Surprise and Peoria. Don't miss this incredible opportunity to own your piece of the Arizona desert!

29405 N 224th Drive, Wittmann

21735 W Montanoso Drive, Wittmann
$375,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7068749 MLS ⋅ 1,600 SqFt.
Enjoy spacious, private, and comfortable living with low-maintenance ownership and no HOA. Just four homes share a private well, offering a more peaceful and private setting. Step inside to an open, bright living space featuring vaulted ceilings, modern light fixtures, and a ceiling fan. A functional nook with a built-in desk provides the perfect space for a home office, study area, or everyday workspace. The well-appointed kitchen features beautiful soft-close cabinetry, abundant counter space, a center island with seating, stainless steel appliances, and a convenient pantry. The spacious primary suite offers a relaxing retreat with dual vanities, a separate soaking tub, step-in shower, linen closet, and walk-in closet. Secondary bedrooms are generously sized, providing plenty of space for family, guests, or flexible use. The property is a true blank canvas, ready for your needs, lifestyle, and vision. A 20-foot storage container conveys with the property, providing valuable additional storage space.

21735 W Montanoso Drive, Wittmann

21728 W Roosevelt Avenue, Wittmann
$324,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7067952 MLS ⋅ 1,474 SqFt.
No HOA! Brand New 3bed 2bath home with flex space and Energy Efficient 2x6 walls, 9 ft ceilings & added insulation. Enjoy spacious block walled backyard, beautiful Mountain Views, stunning sunsets, and a relaxed Western atmosphere. The home features a flex room (dining, den, bed or office) - you choose! Outdoor lovers have patio and garden space and easy access to hiking, horseback riding, camping, and nearby Lake Pleasant and White Tank Mountain Regional Park. This home has a huge backyard with rear alley access! while remaining within reach of Surprise, Wickenburg, and Phoenix. It's a great choice for anyone wanting space, tranquility, affordability, and authentic Arizona living. Private Water Company and APS electric

21728 W Roosevelt Avenue, Wittmann

30714 N 228th Avenue N, Wittmann
$679,900
3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 7067110 MLS ⋅ 2,481 SqFt.
Welcome to this stunning built custom luxury home nestled within an exclusive gated community offering privacy, space and upscale living situated on an expansive 2.41 acre lot. This home is designed with quality craftsmanship and thoughtful details throughout. Key features include an oversized 3 car garage, extra long, to accommodate trucks and to provide ample storage space. Spacious great room, beautiful wood look tiled floors and large windows that flood the space with natural light and offer sweeping views of your expansive yard and covered patio. Gourmet kitchen with quartz countertops, extra large bar eating area, abundant cabinetry, upgraded stainless steel appliances, walk in pantry with butcher block countertop ideal for housing small appliances and extra storage. The formal dining room is a versatile space that can easily be flex space. The private suite has direct access to the large covered patio. Spa-like ensuite bath with massive floor to ceiling tiled shower, featuring dual shower heads and a rainfall showerhead. Double vanities with quartz countertops and large linen closet. The oversized walk-in closet has abundant storage space. The spacious second bedroom has a walk-in closet right across from the third bathroom. The third bedroom is on the opposite side of the house to ensure privacy. It includes its own bathroom with floor to ceiling tiled shower and direct patio access perfect for guests or multigenerational living. The laundry room has overhead cabinets and utility sink with room for a second refrigerator or freezer. The covered Patio spans the entire length of the home and is prewired for a TV, making it ideal for outdoor entertaining. Enjoy breathtaking sunset views every evening from your private retreat. This one-of-a-kind property offers the perfect balance of elegance, comfort, and outdoor space--ideal for those seeking a serene lifestyle without compromising on modern luxury

30714 N 228th Avenue N, Wittmann

22324 W Sunshine Drive, Wittmann
$275,000
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7064903 MLS ⋅ 1,546 SqFt.
This recently renovated 4-bedroom residence is the one you've been waiting for! From the moment you arrive, you'll appreciate the welcoming front porch, the perfect spot to enjoy your morning coffee or unwind during relaxing afternoons. A convenient storage shed adds valuable space for keeping your belongings organized. Discover a large great room, along w/a separate family room adorned w/a cozy fireplace. Tall vaulted ceilings add to the airy feel, complemented by wood-look flooring, fresh paint, skylights, and stylish light fixtures. Updated kitchen includes quartz counters, SS appliances, and ample cabinets. Have a good night's sleep in the sizable main bedroom, offering a walk-in closet and a private bathroom with a grab bar in the shower. Don't miss your chance to make it yours!

22324 W Sunshine Drive, Wittmann

27710 N 237th Lane, Wittmann
$710,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 7063641 MLS ⋅ 2,814 SqFt.
Amazing Custom Home on over an acre corner lot! Breathtaking mountain views and majestic night sky full of stars! This spacious home is full of upgrades and offers tranquility with NO HOA. This horse property recently added horse stalls and a riding arena. Floorplan includes 4 BR/3BA, large kitchen w/island, granite countertops, tumbled stone backsplash, pantry and alder cabinets, 10 ft ceilings w/vaults, 20 ft graded tile flooring, lots of lighting, huge formal dining rm, lg master w/sep exit, double sinks, lg closet and garden tub w/snail shower, 3 full baths w/tile surrounds and counters, 8 ft doors, Jack&Jill bath, huge laundry w/wash tub & extra storage area. Oversized garage & doors. Newer ACs, 2023 & 2025. Pool added in 2019!! and no climb fencing around the whole property. Must see

27710 N 237th Lane, Wittmann

22148 W Gambit Trail, Wittmann
$339,900
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7062778 MLS ⋅ 1,537 SqFt.
Escape to your own private retreat! Situated on 1.2 fully fenced acres at the end of a quiet street, this property offers the perfect blend of privacy, comfort, and peace of mind. The property is ideal for a variety of lifestyles with space for horses, RVs, recreational vehicles, and pets. There is also a shipping container currently used as a workshop. Inside, you'll discover 3 spacious bedrooms with walk-in closets and 2 beautifully renovated bathrooms. The light-filled living room creates a warm and inviting atmosphere, while the kitchen features vaulted ceilings, a breakfast bar, generous counter space, and abundant cabinetry. If you've been dreaming of a cozy home with an expansive lot that provides both privacy and versatility, this is a rare opportunity!

22148 W Gambit Trail, Wittmann

22244 W Roy Rogers Road, Wittmann
$749,999
4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 7062721 MLS ⋅ 2,687 SqFt.
Welcome to your fresh new build desert retreat in Wittmann! This beautifully crafted home offers the perfect blend of modern comfort and peaceful country living. Situated on a spacious 1 acre lot, you'll have plenty of room for toys with the pull through RV garage, animals, or to design your dream outdoor oasis. Inside, enjoy a bright, open layout with brand-new finishes and thoughtful design throughout. Soaring 10-12' ceilings, and 8' doors throughout. Take in breathtaking Arizona sunsets, wide-open skies, and the privacy you've been searching for--all while staying within convenient reach of the city. Additional lots are also available. construction delivers space, style, and endless potential.

22244 W Roy Rogers Road, Wittmann

30214 N 229th Avenue, Wittmann
$735,000
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7061703 MLS ⋅ 2,627 SqFt.
Elegant desert retreat with a magical, one-of-a-kind backyard. Fresh interior paint, 10-11 ft ceilings, an open light-filled layout, ceiling fans in every room, and a 3-car garage. A circular driveway and stone walkway set a charming tone at the front entry. The entertainer's backyard offers 5,000 sq ft of cool pavers by Artistic Pavers, an 8' block wall, lush oleanders, striking pineapple palms, a saltwater heated and cooling pool with waterfalls and remote color-changing lights, and a 7-bed vegetable garden. Just over an acre with breathtaking mountain views, backed to state trust land for added privacy. No HOA, RV gates, and steel electric shutters throughout add security and flexibility. A private escape with everyday conveniences minutes away.

30214 N 229th Avenue, Wittmann

21131 W Morning Vista Drive, Wittmann
$697,000
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7061003 MLS ⋅ 1,850 SqFt.
**SPECTACULAR TURN-KEY HORSE PROPERTY!** Just bring your horses, toys, RVs, and pool floaties--this incredible desert retreat is move-in ready! Situated on over an acre with **NO HOA**, BRAND NEW HVAC, NEW WATER HEATER & NEW ROOF! This 4-bedroom, 2-bath home is the perfect blend of comfort, functionality, and Arizona outdoor living. The desirable split floor plan features gorgeous tile flooring, a spacious kitchen, and an abundance of living space for family and entertaining. Love to host? You'll appreciate the **second outdoor kitchen**, providing extra cooking space for gatherings and celebrations. A fully functioning casita offers endless possibilities--ideal for multi-generational living, guest accommodations, horse boarders, a private office, or income-producing rental potential. Step outside and enjoy your own private oasis featuring an above-ground pool with a brand-new composite deck, perfect for soaking up the Arizona sunshine. The property is fully fenced and includes a separate fenced backyard for pets, keeping them safely apart from the horse areas. Need a dedicated workspace? A separate office with its own A/C unit provides year-round comfort, while the custom pergola, cozy seating area, and fire pit create the perfect setting for outdoor dining and relaxing as you take in the breathtaking mountain views. Horse enthusiasts will appreciate the ample space and flexibility offering 6 covered horse stalls and a separate bathing area, while golfers will love the personalized putting green to sharpen their short game. Located in a friendly neighborhood with room to spread out, this exceptional property truly has it all. Solar panels offer low utility bills year round with 25 panels owned out right! A rare desert gem offering country living, modern conveniences, and endless possibilities!

21131 W Morning Vista Drive, Wittmann

22836 W Myers Street, Wittmann
$349,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7060226 MLS ⋅ 1,493 SqFt.
Escape the hustle without sacrificing convenience in this beautifully maintained 3-bedroom, 2-bath home situated on over an acre with breathtaking Arizona sunsets and wide-open views. Bordering State Land to the west, you'll enjoy exceptional privacy with no neighbors directly behind you and endless opportunities to explore the outdoors. Designed with comfort and functionality in mind, the open-concept floor plan features a spacious great room, vaulted ceilings, and a stylish kitchen complete with a large island, stainless steel appliances, abundant cabinetry, and a breakfast bar that's perfect for everyday living or entertaining. The split-bedroom layout offers added privacy, while the generous primary suite includes a walk-in closet, dual vanities, ample linen storage, and... ... a walk-in shower. Built with quality 2x6 construction, dual-pane windows, energy-efficient LED lighting, a block foundation, and a powerful 4-ton A/C system, this home offers year-round comfort and efficiency while providing the freedom of rural living. With over an acre of usable land, there's plenty of room for horses, RVs, trailers, recreational toys, a workshop, or future expansion--all with the added benefit of no HOA. For buyers dreaming of a self-sufficient or homestead lifestyle, this property is already well on its way. Enjoy two established chicken coops and a raised concrete garden bed with the option for automatic lighting, creating the perfect foundation for raising fresh eggs, growing your own produce, and embracing sustainable country living. Whether you're just beginning your homesteading journey or looking to expand it, this property offers the space and infrastructure to make it a reality. Located just minutes from US-60, you'll enjoy the perfect balance of peaceful country living and convenient access to shopping, dining, and the greater Phoenix area. With stunning desert views, bordering State Land, modern amenities, and endless possibilities, this is more than just a home--it's a lifestyle waiting to be enjoyed.

22836 W Myers Street, Wittmann

20537 W Gordon Way, Wittmann
$605,000
4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 7052749 MLS ⋅ 2,885 SqFt.
PRICE IMPROVEMENT!!! Opportunity meets versatility on this spacious 1.21-acre horse property with no HOA! This unique property includes a 1,985 sq ft main residence plus an additional 900 sq ft casita with its own kitchen, living area, bedroom, and bathrooms--ideal for multigenerational living, extended family, guests, or rental potential totaling approximately 2,885 square feet of living space. The main home features 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms with an oversized primary suite complete with a fireplace, spacious walk-in closet, and spa-inspired bath. The partially updated kitchen offers granite countertops, gas cooking, multiple ovens, a large island, walk-in pantry, and opens to comfortable living and dining spaces perfect for everyday living. Step outside to enjoy an entertainer's backyard featuring an expansive covered patio, screened Arizona room, built-in BBQ, fire pit, and plenty of room to relax while taking in Arizona sunsets. The property also offers a 3-car garage, solar, irrigation, horse facilities, two RV hookups, and a fully functional water feature in the courtyard, covered storage, and abundant space for trailers, toys, animals, or future expansion. If you've been searching for acreage, flexibility, and room to grow, this property delivers endless possibilities.

20537 W Gordon Way, Wittmann

28920 N 201st Avenue, Wittmann
$549,900
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7051858 MLS ⋅ 2,617 SqFt.
ASSUMABLE 4.25% LOAN....Freshly Updated & Move-In Ready! Experience the freedom of Arizona country living on over an acre of fully fenced property with room for RVs, toys, a future pool, workshop, or outdoor oasis. This beautifully maintained 4-bedroom home features new interior and exterior paint, brand new carpet, an open great room, abundant natural light, plantation shutters, and a gourmet kitchen with granite countertops, stainless appliances, a large island, and pantry. Unwind in the spacious primary suite with a spa-inspired bath and private backyard access. Enjoy mountain views, an oversized covered patio, a 3-car garage, and the privacy you've been looking for - all while remaining within easy reach of Valley conveniences.

28920 N 201st Avenue, Wittmann

18633 W Desert Hollow Drive, Wittmann
$372,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7051834 MLS ⋅ 1,706 SqFt.
NEVER LIVED IN 2024-BUILT HOME WITH MODERN FINISHES & OPEN-CONCEPT LIVING! This move-in ready home offers the perfect opportunity to enjoy the feel of new construction without the wait. Large tile flooring, soaring ceilings & abundant natural light enhance the spacious open floor plan, where the living room flows effortlessly into the kitchen featuring a center island with breakfast bar seating, granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, dark wood cabinetry & a walk-in pantry. The adjoining dining area remains open to the main living space & is highlighted by a large sliding glass door overlooking the backyard, creating an ideal setting for everyday living & entertaining. The split primary suite offers added privacy with plush carpet, a striking accent wall & an ensuite showcasing dual vanities, a walk-in shower, storage closet & walk-in closet with built-in shelving. Two generously sized secondary bedrooms are located near the front of the home & share a full bathroom with an extended vanity & shower/tub combination. An indoor laundry room & 2-car garage complete the interior. The backyard features a covered patio, low-maintenance desert landscaping & plenty of room to personalize the space with a pool, garden or outdoor entertaining area. Located in a community with parks, playgrounds, basketball & sand volleyball courts, with convenient access to US-60, Loop 303, shopping, dining & recreation.

18633 W Desert Hollow Drive, Wittmann

22314 W White Feather Lane, Wittmann
$669,900
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 7050776 MLS ⋅ 2,440 SqFt.
If you've been searching for a property that offers space, flexibility, and exceptional garage capacity, this one checks every box. With no HOA and plenty of room to make it your own, this 4-bedroom, 3-bath home is perfectly suited for RV owners, hobbyists, car enthusiasts, or anyone who simply wants room to spread out. The heart of the home is a beautifully reimagined kitchen featuring custom cabinetry, premium countertops, and a professional-grade appliance package highlighted by a dual-fuel range with six burners and a built-in griddle. The open layout flows effortlessly into the living spaces, creating an inviting setting for both everyday living and entertaining. Outside, the possibilities are nearly endless. In addition to the attached 3-car garage, the property features an incredible RV garage completed in 2025 with space for a 41-foot RV. Thoughtfully constructed with insulated walls, coated floors, and a partitioned design with interior access, the building offers outstanding versatility for a workshop, home business, toy storage, or multiple hobby spaces. The generous lot provides room for horses, recreational vehicles, equipment, gardens, or simply enjoying the privacy and freedom of wide-open space. Combined with desirable north-south exposure and a layout designed for both comfort and functionality, this property delivers the rare opportunity to enjoy country-style living without sacrificing modern amenities. Whether your passion is travel, projects, animals, or entertaining, this unique property is ready to accommodate your lifestyle.

22314 W White Feather Lane, Wittmann

26748 N 187th Avenue, Wittmann
$550,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 7050657 MLS ⋅ 1,792 SqFt.
Enjoy the freedom of country living on 2.5 acres with stunning mountain views, all while being just 15 minutes from major shopping, dining, and everyday conveniences. This well-maintained property features an impressive 30' x 40' detached workshop, offering endless possibilities for hobbies, storage, vehicles, equipment, or a home-based business. Recent improvements include a brand-new A/C unit, newer foam roof, water heater, stove, and window screens, providing added value and peace of mind. Owned solar helps keep energy costs low, and the home is served by a shared well with low annual maintenance costs. With room to spread out, incredible workspace, and beautiful desert surroundings, this property offers the perfect blend of privacy, functionality, and convenience.

26748 N 187th Avenue, Wittmann

Copyright 2026 Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, All rights reserved. The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service. All information deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be independently verified. All properties are subject to prior sale, change or withdrawal. Neither listing broker(s) nor Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service shall be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, misprints and shall be held totally harmless.